A literature review was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar for articles published between 1995 and March 2017. The following keywords were used: “PET,” “PET/CT,” “PET/MRI,” “PET/MR,” “positron,” “FDG,” “osteoitis,” “osteomyelitis,” “inflammation,” “infection,” “rheumatoid,” “arthritis,” “polymyalgia,” “lupus,” “arthroplasty,” “joint,” “hardware,” “fracture,” “arthropathy,” “spondyloarthropathies,” “osteoarthrosis,” “degenerative joint,” “spondylitis,” “osteonecrosis,” “osteoporosis,” “vasculopathy,” and “neuropathy.”