Infectious complications continue to be the primary cause of morbidity and mortality after organ transplantation. Many of these complications have an exogenous origin, including those caused by pathogens transmitted by the transplanted organ. Sometimes, it is the recipient who previously has a chronic or latent infection that can reactivate after the procedure. Rigorous screening of the recipient and the donor for latent and active infections is essential for optimizing outcomes after transplan-tation and serves to prevent the inadvertent use of unsuitable organs and prompt targeted anti-infective prophylaxis or preemptive therapy or infection surveillance measures post-transplantation. The evidence for recommending inter-