Despite this progress, the research on destination images hasoffered less guidance on the mechanisms that are successful inchanging or improving the existing image that consumers hold of thedestination, particularly and importantly among those who havenever visited the destination. Attracting new visitors is a crucialelement of the marketing efforts of any destination manager. Destinationsspend large amounts of money on efforts to improve theimage of their city either through extensive marketing campaigns (e.g., Las Vegas);infrastructure developments and improvements (e.g., Berlin, Dubai);or the organization of festivals and events (e.g., New Orleans,Melbourne, Rio). In particular, this last component is an importantlever for destinations as it allows them to connect festivals andevents to their marketing campaigns or even support infrastructureimprovements.