The rest of the study is organized as follows. Section 2 reviews prior research on the relation between MBE and managers’ voluntary earnings disclosures, discusses the role of consistency in MBE for expectations management, and develops the hypotheses. Section 3 discusses the research design. Section 4 reports the results, and is followed by robustness tests presented in Section 5. Section 6 concludes with a summary and discusses issues for future research.