7 Any two of the following would be correct:
(1) Hebrews would have been written within the time frame of the apostles.
(2) Clement of Rome quoted from Hebrews in his epistle written in A.D. 95.
(3) Both the author and recipients had been evangelized by eyewitnesses of Jesus.
(4) Although some of the early Christians leaders had died, Timothy was still alive and had just been released from prison.
1 a 2) Argument against Pauline authorship, or 3) Support for Luke’s authorship
b 1) Support for Pauline authorship
c 2) Argument against Pauline authorship, or 3) Support for Luke’s authorship
d 1) Support for Pauline authorship
e 2) Argument against Pauline authorship
f 1) Support for Pauline authorship
g 3) Support for Luke’s authorship
h 2) Argument against Pauline authorship
i 1) Support for Pauline authorship
j 1) Support for Pauline authorship
8 Pantaenus of the Eastern Church and Tertullian of the Western Church both attest to the title. The title appears on all the oldest manuscripts.
2 a Your answer should include these ideas: Hebrews bases its authority on the Old Testament. The spiritual content is in harmony with the rest of Scripture. Nothing doctrinally conflicts with the teachings of Paul, John or Peter. The author frequently urges his readers to pay close attention to the Word of God.
b The oldest known manuscripts—the Beatty Papyrus, the Vaticanus, and the Sinaiticus—all contain the Epistle to the Hebrews. Early church fathers accepted the book of Hebrews as authoritative. By the fourth century, Hebrews was fully accepted by both the Eastern and Western churches.
9 Hebrews assumes the readers have detailed knowledge of the Old Testament and the Levitical system of priests, sacrifices, and feasts. Terminology used, including “outside the camp” and “our forefathers,” implies a Jewish readership.
3 Clement of Rome, Hermas of Rome, Polycarp, Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, and Tertullian.
10 Evidence points to Hellenistic Christian Jews, perhaps in Italy, but in a community other than Rome or Jerusalem where Paul or his associates had previously ministered.
4 Augustine, Eusebius, Jerome, Gelansius of Rome, and Thomas Aquinas.
11 Your answer should include these ideas: (1) They had begun to drift spiritually and neglect Christian fellowship. (2) They had failed to mature in the Word of God. (3) They continued to adhere to Jewish law and rituals. (4) They were not allowed to partake in the annual temple festivals. (5) Jewish people everywhere were called to be loyal to the Jewish cause in the face of persecution and war with Rome.
5 A.D. 55–60
12 He used the Old Testament to prove the finality of Christianity and emphasized the superiority of Christ.
6 The Jewish temple was destroyed in A.D. 70, and the Jewish-Roman war began in A.D. 67. Hebrews indicates that the Jewish sacrificial system was still in effect.
13 You could match these in a different way and still be correct.
a 4) Strengthen faith in Christ
b 3) Show how life in Christ is better
c 5) Warn of danger
d 2) Encourage with examples
e 1) Teach and apply truths to life