Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common microbial infections in humans and represent a substantial burdenon the health care system. UTIs can be uncomplicated, as when affecting healthy individuals, or complicated, when affectingindividuals with compromised urodynamics and/or host defenses, such as those with a urinary catheter. There are cleardifferences between uncomplicated UTI and catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI) in clinical manifestations, causative organisms, andpathophysiology. Therefore, uncomplicated UTI and CAUTI cannot be approached similarly, or the risk of complications andtreatment failure may increase. It is imperative to understand the key aspects of each condition to develop successful treatmentoptions and improve patient outcomes. Here, we will review the epidemiology, pathogen prevalence, differential mechanismsused by uropathogens, and treatment and prevention of uncomplicated UTI and CAUTI. Key words: CAUTI, prevalence,susceptibility, uncomplicated UTI, uropathogens