As action-oriented discursive constructions, social movement narratives always involve a certain form of temporality; there are past developments that have created a problematic present, and there is a future made possible by collective action that the narrative is designed to instigate. In this sense, social movement narratives always have a modern utopian element. It is modern in the sense that it is rooted in Enlightenment thinking, which postulated that humans can, without the involvement of extra-social forces (be it God or Destiny), create a world of their own making.