Mineralization carbonizationAnother option for storing CO2 generated by burning fossil fuels is to convert this gas into inorganic solid carbonates, such as CaCO3 limestone, through chemical reactions. This phenomenon known as "weathering" takes thousands to millions of years to take place in nature.In this technique, weathering is driven by the reaction of high-concentration CO2 with minerals with large reserves on the earth's surface such as olivine or terpentin. These minerals are oxides of silicon, composed of silicon, oxygen and magnesium - react with CO2 to form magnesium carbonate. There is also a wollastonite containing calcium, which reacts with CO2 to form calcium carbonate. Magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate are minerals that persist for a long time.The advantage of mineral carbonization technique is that it can store carbon in solid minerals in a stable way, without releasing carbon into the atmosphere for a long time.The process of mineralization of carbon consists of three main steps: 1 / preparation of reaction minerals (mining, crushing and transporting them to processing plants) 2 / for these minerals to react with stream CO2 and 3 / split finished carbonate and store them in proper location.The method of mineral carbonization has been known for a long time and can be applied on a small scale, but until now large-scale technology to store CO2 is only the first steps. Large mineralization of carbonates requires large-scale mining and production of solid materials to provide chemical reactions. On average, treating each ton of CO2 requires 1.6 - 1.7 tons of silicate oxide, or 2.6 - 4.7 tons of solid materials. Accordingly, the mineral mining output must increase from 50-100% compared to the present.In addition, because the new mineral carbonate process is in the experimental phase, it is difficult to estimate the amount of CO2 that can be stored using this technique.One of the geological basins that can store CO2 is large basalt basins containing olivine, such as in the basalt plateau on the Colombian river, Deccan Traps stone basin in India and Siberia in Russia ... studied on reactivity with CO2 to create solid carbonate in place. Here, instead of mining and crushing minerals as raw materials for carbonization reaction as mentioned above, CO2 will be pumped directly into the rock. At that depth, over time, they react with the rock to form solid carbonate minerals.The large and thick structure of basalt rock pits is the same globally, they have many advantages for CO2 storage such as high porosity and water holding capacity. These characteristics, combined with the basalt's tendency to react with CO2, can lead to the large-scale conversion of this waste gas into a mineral.