Perceived value theory originated from Zeithaml (1988) who defined perceived value as the “consumer’s overall assessment of the utility of a product (or service) based on perceptions of what is received and what is given” (Zeithaml, 1988). This means that the customers will weigh the overall perceived benefit of products or services against the price paid in the exchange process. Dodds et al. (1991) defined the perceived sacrifice as nonfinancial cost, such as search cost or physical or mental pay-off, as well as the monetary cost that customers or users need to pay to get services or products. That is, customers estimate value by including all the benefits and sacrifice factors to make a decision in the market.