In this study, endorsement influence is defined as the extent to which people perceive that endorsers in their reference groups have conducted and promoted the Online Shopping Carnival behavior. Accordingly, social influence in this study is operationalized as a formative construct with two dimensions: peer imitation and endorsement influence. Social influence derived from peer imitation and endorsement influence is likely to trigger Online Shopping Carnival consumer herding behavior. Thus we postulate the following hypothesis:H2. Social influence is positively associated with the Online Shopping Carnival consumerbehavior.