However, designing interactive systems that rely on
machine learning algorithms requires rethinking core
assumptions about user control [2]. Accordingly, design
researchers have begun to articulate new approaches to such
systems. For example, Horvitz’ principles for effective
“mixed-initiative” systems include querying users for
clarification about goals and preferences, and scoping
system precision to match user needs [11]. Yang et al
describe patterns for designing adaptive user interfaces
[33].