The first step in theory analysis, classifying the scope, involves examining the concepts and propositions for abstractness and breadth.9 Atheorythatincludesmoreabstract and broader concepts and propositions is a grand theory, whereas a theory that consists of relatively concrete and specific concepts and propositions is a middle-range theory. Middle-range theories can be further classified in terms of the way that a phenomenon is addressed: descriptive, explanatory, and predictive theories.