Standard western blot procedures were used on whole cell lysates and probed with antibodies specific to MCL-1 (Proteintech, UK), ACTIN (Sigma, UK), PARP (Cell Signaling, UK), BAK (Cell Signaling, UK), BAX (Santa Cruz, CA, USA), HSP70 (Cell Signaling, UK), Active Caspase 3 (Cell Signaling, UK).