Similar effects were observed on the flight responses of C. kariyai females to the two groups of VOCos-receiver and VOCwt-receiver maize plants in a cage. The parasitoids did not discriminate volatiles of VOCos- receiver plants from those of VOCwt-receiver plants in the uninfested conditions but started to prefer the VOCos-receiver plants relative to VOCwt-receiver plants after M. separata infestation (Figure 4B).