Cognitive function was assessed during REGARDS follow-up telephone interviews using standardized scripts and scoring methods described previously (33). Cognitive impairment was defined by each participant_s score on the SIS. Four expanded cognitive battery tests with demonstrated usefulness in early identification of cognitive decline, Alzheimer_s disease, or dementia were also used (26). These tests were Word List Learning (WLL) and semantic fluency (animal fluency [AF]) from the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer_s Disease battery (26), and letter fluency (LF), recall, and orientation items from the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA recall and orientation) (27). These tools assess domains of memory (WLL and MoCA recall and orientation) and executive function (AF and LF) (12,26). The z-scores based on the mean and SD for each specific test in domains of memory and executive function were created, respectively. The average z-scores of both tests under each domain were used as the z-score of memory or executive function. Participants were included if they had at least one baseline measure in memory or executive function domain within ±12 months of PA assessment and at least one follow-up measure of the same test after the PA assessment (37). All cognitive assessments have been proven to be valid and reliable for both White and Black participants (12,26,27,33), with no significant racial/ethnic differences having been reported.
認知功能進行評估期間REGARDS後續使用標準化的腳本電話訪談和評分方法如前所述(33)。認知功能障礙被定義由每個participant_s得分的SIS。四個擴大了與表現出有用性認知測試電池在早期識別的認知衰退,Alzheimer_s疾病或癡呆也使用(26)。這些測試字表的學習算法(WLL)和語義流暢從聯盟(動物流暢[AF])建立一個登記處Alzheimer_s疾病電池(26),和信流暢(LF),召回和方向的項目從蒙特利爾認知評估量表(MoCA召回和方向),(27)。這些工具評估的內存(WLL和MoCA召回和定向)和執行功能(AF和LF)(12,26)域。基於均值和SD用於的記憶和執行功能域各自特定的測試的z得分分別創建。每個域都下試驗的平均值z分數被用作內存或執行功能z得分。如果他們有至少一個基線量度存儲器或執行功能域±12個月PA評估和PA評估(37)後在相同的測試中的至少一個後續措施中的參與者都包括在內。所有的認知評估,已被證明是白色和黑色兩種參與者(12,26,27,33)有效和可靠的,與已報導的無顯著種族/族裔差異。如果他們有至少一個基線量度存儲器或執行功能域±12個月PA評估和PA評估(37)後在相同的測試中的至少一個後續措施中的參與者都包括在內。所有的認知評估,已被證明是白色和黑色兩種參與者(12,26,27,33)有效和可靠的,與已報導的無顯著種族/族裔差異。如果他們有至少一個基線量度存儲器或執行功能域±12個月PA評估和PA評估(37)後在相同的測試中的至少一個後續措施中的參與者都包括在內。所有的認知評估,已被證明是白色和黑色兩種參與者(12,26,27,33)有效和可靠的,與已報導的無顯著種族/族裔差異。
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