As shown in Fig.1, the rate (capacity) of HS based RDH is determined by the frequency of peak bin and the main distortion is caused by the shifted content between peak and zero bins. Generally speaking, the rate and distortion performance of HS based reversible data hiding heavily depends on ‘‘the sharpness of histogram’’ [18]–[31] and ‘‘chosen side information’’ [27], [30], i.e., peak and zero bins.