Efect of habitat management on pest control and ecosystem stability. To evaluate the functionof habitat management in pest control on tea plantations, the types and numbers of arthropods in the CK, HM,and CP tea plantations were recorded twice a month in 2016. Te types of arthropods, such as natural enemies,pests, and neutral insects, in the three tea plantations were almost the same, belonging to 20 orders, 48 families,and 53 species.Te greatest number of natural enemies was found in the HM tea plantation. Araneida, including Salticidaeand Linyphiidae, were the major natural enemies in the agroecosystem20. Table 2 shows that the number ofAraneida individuals was signifcantly greater in the HM tea plantation, at 1.71-fold more than in the CK teaplantation and 3.83-fold more than in the CP tea plantation. CP applications reduced the number of natural ene-mies signifcantly. Te number of natural enemies on the CP tea plantation was half that on the CK tea plantation.Neutral insects were also the most abundant on the HM tea plantation (Table 2).Te major pests on the tea plantations were members of orders Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, and Coleoptera.Compared with the CK tea plantation, the greater number of natural enemies and neutral insects on the HM teaplantation signifcantly reduced the number of pests (Table 2). Te ratio of natural enemies to pests was higheston the HM tea plantation.Te natural enemy-following phenomenon of spiders and small green leafoppers, the most serious pest inthe tea plantations, was observed in both the CK and HM tea plantations (Supplementary Figure S1). Tis naturalenemy-following phenomenon was observed more clearly in the HM tea plantation (Supplementary Figure S1),but was not observed in the CP tea plantation. Te arthropod diversity and richness indices of the plantationswere in the order HM>CK>CP (Supplementary Table S1). Furthermore, the CP tea plantation had the highestdominance index (Supplementary Table S1). Among the three tea plantations, the diversity and richness levelsof arthropods showed less variation in a time series in the HM tea plantation (Supplementary Figure S2), andthe community was stable. Te CP tea plantation showed a large fuctuation in a time series (SupplementaryFigure S2).