Land use and cover changes associat

Land use and cover changes associated with specific topography have an accelerating or retarding impact on soil loss, particularly in Fig. 7. Soil erosion rates for slope gradients under different land uses on the Loess Plateau, China, for the period 2000 to 2010.

W. Sun et al. / Catena 121 (2014) 151–163 159 hilly and gully areas on the Loess Plateau. Cropping in mountainous areas with steep slopes is responsible for serious erosion, resulting in the development of rills and gullies on the Loess Plateau (Feng et al., 2010).

Erosion on flat land, even with cultivation and cropping, is low because with no or little slope, there is negligible water runoff to carry soil away. Our study shows that the lightest soil erosion occurs on cropland with a flat landform. This area was inherently much less
erosion prone than the other areas, mainly due to the more favorable topography. Most of the increase in soil erosion on cropland was due to the conversion of steep slopes to cropland and the degradation of grassland by overgrazing (Gutierrez et al., 2009).

Soil erosion was highly related to the LS factors. The highest LS values were found on midslopes distributed in mountain areas on the Loess Plateau, followed by upslope, ridge, downslope and valley (Table 4).

To reduce or even prevent soil erosion, the conversion of sloping land to cropland and deforestation should be discouraged, and the restoration of erosion prone land by conservation planting, particularly with woody vegetation, should be encouraged.

結果 (繁體中文) 2:

土地利用和特殊地形有關的覆被變化對土壤流失加速或延緩的影響，特別是在圖。7.土壤侵蝕率不同土地坡度採用黃土高原，中國，2000年到2010年W. Sun等人。/鎖鏈121（2014）黃土高原151-163 159丘陵溝壑區。種植在山區陡峭的斜坡負責侵蝕嚴重，導致黃土高原細溝和沖溝的發展（Feng等，2010）。侵蝕在平地上，甚至與培育和種植，低是因為沒有或小斜坡，那裡是可以忽略的水徑流攜帶泥土了。我們的研究表明，最輕的水土流失的耕地上用平地形。這個區域在本質上要少得多侵蝕容易比其他地區，主要是由於更有利的地形。大部分增加對農田土壤侵蝕是由於陡坡轉化為耕地和草地的退化過度放牧（古鐵雷斯等人，2009年）。土壤侵蝕量高度相關的LS因素。最高LS值上發現了分佈在山區黃土高原midslopes，其次是上坡，嶺，下坡和谷（表4）。為了減少甚至防止水土流失，坡耕地轉化為農田和森林砍伐應氣餒，侵蝕發地由養護種植，特別是木本植被的恢復，應予以鼓勵。

結果 (繁體中文) 3:

土地利用和覆蓋變化與特定的地形有一個加速或减速對土壤流失的影響，特別是在圖7。黃土高原不同土地利用條件下土壤侵蝕速率的變化，為2000～2010。/連鎖121（2014）151 163 159–丘陵溝壑區在黃土高原。在山區陡峭的山坡上種植負責水土流失嚴重，造成黃土高原上的溪流和溝渠的發展（豐et al.，2010）。

侵蝕在平坦的土地，甚至與栽培、耕作、低是因為沒有或很少的斜坡，是可以忽略不計的徑流攜帶的土壤離開。我們的研究表明，最輕的土壤侵蝕發生在農田與平坦的地形。這一地區本來就少得多，比其他地區的侵蝕容易，主要是由於更有利的地形。對農田土壤侵蝕的新增大部分是由於陡坡耕地的轉化和過度放牧，草原退化（古鐵雷斯et al.，2009）。

土壤侵蝕與土壤因數的關係密切。最高的LS值在midslopes在黃土高原分佈在山區，其次是上坡、下坡、山脊、山谷（錶4）。為减少甚至避免土壤侵蝕，坡地退耕還應不鼓勵，並對水土保持種植，尤其是木本植被的水土流失進行了恢復。