VOCs were collected from receiver lima bean or maize plants immediately after exposure to either VOCwt or VOCos (A, D), and after receiver plants were subjected to 1 day post-herbivory by T. urticae (C) orM. separata (F). Uninfested plants incubated for 1 day after VOC exposure served as controls (B, E). Data represent the mean + standard errors (n.4). Asterisks indicate significant differences from control volatiles (Student’s t-test, P,0.05).