has cancer, even early or advanced. For example, a novel sea urchin-like Au nanocluster was synthesized and successfully detected the mutation status in epidermal growth factor reporter gene, with an accuracy of 90.7%, an EF of CV of 1.97 107 and a LOD of 25 cells in 1 mL suspension solution, which seems to be a great advance and prospect in clinical lung cancerdetection in the coming future.157 An ultrasensitive SERS sensor based on Ag nanorod array substrates had an excellent ability of monitoring lung cancer related-miRNAs in human serum, with an ultralow LOD of 393 aM miRNA-21, 176 aM miRNA-486 and 144 aM miRNA-375, indicating a potential possibility in clinical screening of lung cancer at the early stage.