This finding is very encouraging and suggests that the stresses many parents of children with developmental disabilities experience and the resulting distress are amenable. A second generation of studies is warranted by extensive changes in our understanding of adaptation in families of children with developmental disabilities. We would hope that future studies include all family members, measure family quality of life as well as empowerment, parenting selfefficacy, and perceptions of the positive contributions that children with disabilities make to their families. These studies were primarily concerned with decreasing distress, but recent research indicates that it is realistic to aim not only for reduced family problems but also for positive adaptation in which the benefits of intervention include meaningful improvements in positive well being and quality of life.