It has been recognised that liquidity risk and credit risk of banks do not have contemporaneous or causal relations, but both of the risks individually and jointly contribute to banks’ probability of default ( Imbierowicz and Rauch, 2014 ). Consistent with this view, Hong et al. (2014) find that systemic liquidity risk is an important contributor to bank failures. Vazquez and Federico (2015) find that higher funding stability as measured by the net stable funding ratio featured in the new Basel III guidelines, reduces the probability of bank failures. King (2013) recognises that to maintain a higher net stable funding ratio, banks will have to pay higher interest expenses for borrowing more long-term funds. In this way, liquidity regulation can adversely affect bank profitability and increase bank risk despite the associated public sec- tor gains from the reduction in disruptive bank failures across the society.