he numerous actions in recent years against fracking, open-pit mines, tar sands oil pipelines, and so on are to a considerable extent driven not by fear for the future so much as concern at what is being destroyed here and now, in specific locales and in a way that victimizes specific groups. As Naomi Klein points out, technologies of extraction depend on the creation of clearly identifiable sacrifice zones—‘‘places that, to their extractors, somehow don’t count and therefore can be poisoned, drained, or otherwise destroyed, for the supposed greater good of economic progress.’’ These places are often ‘‘bound up with notions of racial superiority, because in order to have sacrifice zones, you need to have people and cultures who count so little that they are considered deserving of sacrifice’’