3.4. Facilitating condition Facilitating condition refers to an individual’s belief that the use of a new system or technology can be supported by the available organizational and technical facilities. This is transferred to the MALL environment as the technical and organizational support available for learners’ use of mobile devices for language learning, such as access to wireless networks, provision of mobile devices and technical assistance when needed. Facilitating condition is positioned in other models as perceived behavioral control (TPB/DTPB, C- TAM-TPB), facilitating condition (MPCU), and compatibility (IDT). Venkatesh et al. (2003) found that facilitating condition was predictive of intention only if effort expectancy was excluded from the model. This argument found no support in later studies (Botero et al., 2019; Duyck et al., 2010; Dwivedi et al., 2019; Hao et al., 2017). Therefore, Dwivedi et al. (2019) proposed that facilitating condition significantly predicted behavioral intention, even in the presence of effort expectancy. Facilitating condition was also theorized and found to have positive effect on the use behavior (Moran et al., 2010; Tan, 2013, pp. 1–12; Venkatesh et al., 2003). The following hypotheses were proposed accordingly.