(a) In the searching environment, a certain number of individualsis generated by the random method. According to theindividual score or fitness, sort operation is executed andseveral individuals with high score are selected as superiorindividuals and others are selected as temporary individuals.(b) Around the superior individuals and temporary individuals,a certain number of new individuals are generated formingthe initial superior subgroups and temporary subgroups.Information on superior subgroups is recorded in the globalbillboard. Inside these subgroups, a similartaxis operation isconducted. In this process, the individuals compete witheach other and the winners are used as new centres aroundwhich new subgroups are generated. After that, a new internalcompletion is executed for a new winner; this process isrepeated until the subgroup is mature. The score of the optimalindividual of the subgroup is used as the group scoreand it is recorded on the local billboard.(c) When the score of a temporary subgroup is higher than thatof any superior subgroup, the dissimilation operation is performed.At the same time, individuals in the original superiorsubgroup are released. However, if the score of atemporary subgroup is lower than that of any superior subgroup,it is dismissed and a new temporary subgroup is generatedto keep the total number of subgroups constant.