Indeed, as Kuhn ( 1970 ) argued, practicing scientists do not engage with reflective and re-constructive activities, and they mostly do not need to. Scientists are trained by apprenticeship in communities of practice that do not generally engage them, at least not consciously or explicitly, with epistemological issues. A quick survey of doctoral programs in various scientific disciplines would show that scientific education rarely includes, if ever, formal coursework in history, philosophy, or sociology of science. Indeed, such programs do not even include formal coursework in research methodol- ogy of the sort required of doctoral students in psychology or education. Kuhn ( 1970 ) argued that initiating science students into disciplinary traditions includes having them take the processes and methods of those disciplines, and consequently the under- lying ontological and epistemological values and assumptions, for granted.