Technologies do not always get to reach their limitsMay be displaced by new, discontinuous technology.A discontinuous technology fulfills a similar market need by means of an entirely new knowledge base.E.g., switch from carbon copying to photocopying, or vinyl records to compact discsTechnological discontinuity may initially have lower performance than incumbent technology.E.g., first automobiles were much slower than horse-drawn carriages.Firms may be reluctant to adopt new technology because performance improvement is initially slow and costly, and they may have significant investment in incumbent technology