Anatomy & Physiology: The Respirato

Anatomy & Physiology: The Respiratory System The lungs provide oxygen to the extracellular fluid for use by the cells and remove carbon dioxide that is formed in the cells. Anatomy The respiratory system begins at the nostrils, travels through the nose cavity via the pharynx at the back of the throat and continues down the larynx which houses the vocal cords and then via the trachea, ‘windpipe’ and divides into two bronchi that enter each lung. The bronchi continue to divide, resembling a well branching tree that extends to the edges of the lungs. The small air spaces at the very end of the branches (bronchioles) are called ‘alveoli’. The diaphragm is a large parachute shaped muscle at the base of the rib cage. As it contracts it flattens and draws air into the lungs. 38 Physiology The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries, tiny arterial blood vessels. The alveoli have super thin walls that allow direct gas exchange to and from the capillaries. This gas exchange is ‘ventilation’. Good ventilation improves oxygenation of the blood and removal of carbon dioxide. Good ventilation prevents and assists recovery of respiratory conditions. Yoga Extensions open the front chest and improve lung ventilation. Twists free the spine assisting extension. Arms over head lift and open the side rib cage contributing to improved ventilation. Deep breathing encourages air to reach more alveoli. When we expand the ribs at the base of our chest on an inhalation the diaphragm draws air to the base of the lungs. The base of the lungs is where they are largest and so inhaling to the base improves ventilation. Variations from Adults ● A child’s trachea (windpipe) is much more pliable and smaller in diameter than an adult and so hyper extension or hyper flexion of the neck may lead to complete or partial occlusion of the airway. ● A child’s heart occupies more chest space than an adult and so child have less ability to increase volume within the lungs. ● The depth of diaphragm expansion is limited in children because the relative size of their abdominal organs is large and compromises space. It is therefore particularly important that children sit tall when concentrating on breathing awareness. ● Children have higher respiratory rates.

結果 (繁體中文) 1:

Anatomy & Physiology: The Respiratory System
The lungs provide oxygen to the extracellular fluid for use by the cells and remove carbon dioxide that is formed in the cells.

Anatomy The respiratory system begins at the nostrils, travels through the nose cavity via the pharynx at the back of the throat and continues down the larynx which houses the vocal cords and then via the trachea, ‘windpipe’ and divides into two bronchi that enter each lung. The bronchi continue to divide, resembling a well branching tree that extends to the edges of the lungs. The small air spaces at the very end of the branches (bronchioles) are called ‘alveoli’.
The diaphragm is a large parachute shaped muscle at the base of the rib cage. As it contracts it flattens and draws air into the lungs. 38

Physiology The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries, tiny arterial blood vessels. The alveoli have super thin walls that allow direct gas exchange to and from the capillaries. This gas exchange is ‘ventilation’. Good ventilation improves oxygenation of the blood and removal of carbon dioxide. Good ventilation prevents and assists recovery of respiratory conditions.

Yoga Extensions open the front chest and improve lung ventilation. Twists free the spine assisting extension. Arms over head lift and open the side rib cage contributing to improved ventilation. Deep breathing encourages air to reach more alveoli. When we expand the ribs at the base of our chest on an inhalation the diaphragm draws air to the base of the lungs. The base of the lungs is where they are largest and so inhaling to the base improves ventilation.

從成人的變化


●孩子的氣管（氣管）的直徑比一個成年人，所以超擴展或頸部屈曲過度更加柔軟和更小的可導致氣道完全或部分阻塞。

●孩子的心臟比成人更佔據胸口邊空間，因此孩子有少肺裡增加量的能力。

●隔膜式膨脹的深度兒童是有限的，因為他們的腹部器官的相對規模較大，妥協的空間。因此，特別重要的是孩子們在呼吸意識集中時坐高。

●兒童有較高的呼吸頻率。

結果 (繁體中文) 2:

解剖學與生理學：呼吸系統
肺向細胞外液體提供氧氣供細胞使用，並去除細胞中形成的二氧化碳。

解剖 呼吸系統從鼻孔開始，通過咽喉後咽穿過鼻腔，然後沿著喉部向下，喉部容納聲帶，然後通過氣管、"氣管"，分成兩個支氣管，每個支氣管進入每個支氣管肺。支氣管繼續分裂，類似于一口細枝樹，延伸到肺的邊緣。樹枝末端的小空氣空間（支氣管）稱為"阿爾維奧利"。
隔膜是肋骨籠底部的一個大型降落傘狀肌肉。當它收縮時，它變平，將空氣吸入肺部。38

生理動脈血管被毛細血管、細小的動脈血管所包圍。葉油有超薄的壁，允許直接氣體交換的毛細血管。這種氣體交換是"通風"良好的通風改善血液的氧合和二氧化碳的去除。良好的通風可防止和説明呼吸系統復原。

瑜伽延伸打開前胸，改善肺通氣。扭曲釋放脊柱輔助延伸。手臂在頭部提升，打開側肋籠，有助於改善通風。深呼吸鼓勵空氣到達更多的大白。當我們吸入時擴大胸部底部的肋骨時，隔膜將空氣吸入到肺底。肺的基部是最大的，所以吸入到基地可以改善通風。

成人的變體

• 兒童的氣管（氣管）比成人更柔軟、直徑更小，因此頸部過度伸展或過度彎曲可能導致氣道完全或部分阻塞。

• 兒童的心臟比成人佔用更多的胸部空間，因此兒童增加肺部體積的能力較差。

• 隔膜擴張的深度在兒童中是有限的，因為他們腹部器官的相對大小很大，並且會損害空間。因此，兒童在集中注意力于呼吸意識時，要坐得高一點，這一點尤為重要。

• 兒童呼吸頻率較高。

結果 (繁體中文) 3:

解剖學與生理學：呼吸系統
肺向細胞外液提供氧氣供細胞使用，並清除細胞內形成的二氧化碳。
解剖學呼吸系統從鼻孔開始，通過咽喉後部的咽部穿過鼻腔，繼續向下延伸到喉部，喉部容納聲帶，然後通過氣管，“氣管”並分成兩個進入每個肺的支氣管。支氣管繼續分裂，像一棵分支良好的樹，一直延伸到肺的邊緣。分支（細支氣管）最末端的小氣隙稱為“肺泡”。
橫膈膜是胸腔底部一塊巨大的傘形肌肉。當它收縮時，它會變平並將空氣吸入肺部。38個
生理學肺泡周圍有毛細血管，細小的動脈血管。肺泡有超薄的壁，可以直接與毛細血管進行氣體交換。這種氣體交換是“通風”。良好的通風有助於血液的氧合和二氧化碳的排出。良好的通風可以預防和幫助呼吸狀況的恢復。
瑜伽伸展打開前胸，改善肺通氣。扭轉脊柱幫助伸展。手臂舉過頭頂，打開側胸腔，有助於改善通風。深呼吸鼓勵空氣進入更多的肺泡。當我們在吸氣時擴張胸部底部的肋骨時，橫膈膜將空氣吸入肺底部。肺的底部是它們最大的地方，所以吸入底部可以改善通風。
成人的變化
●兒童氣管（氣管）比成人更柔軟，直徑更小，囙此頸部過度伸展或過度彎曲可能導致氣道完全或部分阻塞。
●兒童的心臟比成人佔據更多的胸部空間，囙此兒童新增肺部容積的能力較低。
●兒童膈肌擴張的深度是有限的，因為他們腹部器官的相對大小很大，會影響空間。囙此，當孩子們專注於呼吸意識時，坐得高一點尤為重要。
兒童呼吸頻率較高。