scholars have pointed to the close affinity they bear to the themes, vocabulary, and style of isaiah 40-55, that is,to the so-called second isaiah. it is safe to assume that they were written either by that anonymous writer or by a close disciple. while these two chapters do not bear all of the marks of full-blown apocalyptic, they embody one of the central patterns found in the apocalyptic writings of the bible and therefore can be included here as an early example of the theme of the passing of the order and the dawn of the new.