As there are notable differences in clinicalmanifestations, causative organisms, andpathologic mechanisms between uncomplicatedUTI and CAUTI, it is critical to dissect key aspectsof each one to better assess specific treatmentoptions and reduce the risks of complications andtreatment failure. Here we will review and contrastthe epidemiology, pathogen prevalence, differentialmechanisms used by uropathogens, and treatmentand prevention during uncomplicated UTI andCAUTI.