Dear Mr./Ms. President: Because your ending inventory of December 31, 2019 was understated by HK$60,000, your net income for 2019 was understated by HK$60,000. For 2020 net income was overstated by HK$60,000. In a periodic system, the cost of goods sold is calculated by deducting the cost of ending inventory from the total cost of goods you have available for sale in the period. Therefore, if this ending inventory figure is understated, as it was in December 2019, then the cost of goods sold is overstated and therefore net income will be understated by that amount. Consequently, this understated ending inventory figure goes on to become the next period’s beginning inventory amount and is a part of the total cost of goods available for sale. Therefore, the mistake repeats itself in the reverse. The error also affects the statement of financial position at the end of 2019. The inventory reported in the statement of financial position is understated; therefore, total assets are understated. The understatement of the 2019 net income results in the Retained Earnings account balance being understated. The statement of financial position at the end of 2020 is correct because the understatement of the Retained Earnings account at the end of 2019 is offset by the overstatement of the 2020 net income and the inventory at the end of 2020 is correct. Thank you for allowing me to bring this to your attention. If you have any questions, please contact me at your convenience. Sincerely
Dear Mr./Ms. President: Because your ending inventory of December 31, 2019 was understated by HK$60,000, your net income for 2019 was understated by HK$60,000. For 2020 net income was overstated by HK$60,000. In a periodic system, the cost of goods sold is calculated by deducting the cost of ending inventory from the total cost of goods you have available for sale in the period. Therefore, if this ending inventory figure is understated, as it was in December 2019, then the cost of goods sold is overstated and therefore net income will be understated by that amount. Consequently, this understated ending inventory figure goes on to become the next period’s beginning inventory amount and is a part of the total cost of goods available for sale. Therefore, the mistake repeats itself in the reverse. The error also affects the statement of financial position at the end of 2019. The inventory reported in the statement of financial position is understated; therefore, total assets are understated. The understatement of the 2019 net income results in the Retained Earnings account balance being understated. The statement of financial position at the end of 2020 is correct because the understatement of the Retained Earnings account at the end of 2019 is offset by the overstatement of the 2020 net income and the inventory at the end of 2020 is correct. Thank you for allowing me to bring this to your attention. If you have any questions, please contact me at your convenience. Sincerely
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