Further potential for conflict with some of the contemporary music therapy approaches lies in the rejection of psychoanalytical concepts still sometimes found in anthroposophical circles, which probably dates back to Steiner's criticism of psychoanalysis (Steiner, 2004), as well as in the 'exercise' character of anthroposophical music therapy applications (see Reinhold, 1996).
While there are engaging issues in the theoretical background of the anthroposophical approach that would benefit from further exploration and discussion, as far as I am concerned a major question remains at present: Is it possible and sound from a methodological, therapeutic and ethical viewpoint, to incorporate methods and media used in anthroposophical music therapy, without fully embracing anthroposophy?