This study offers significant implications for customer service organizations for which customer retention is a key determinant of organizational success. Our results show that employee service performance was positively related to customer relationship out- comes. Therefore, more management attention may be directed toward improving employee service performance. Whereas past research has shown that store-level human resources practices and service climate were related to employee service performance (c.g., Liao & Chuang, 2004; Schneider et al., 1998), we found that individual employee perceived and experienced TFL was positively related to employee service performance. Thus, joining Yammarino et al. (1997), we recommend that managers develop an interpersonally oriented TFL style, especially when the size of the work unit is small. Research has shown that managers can be taught to become transformational leaders (Barling, Weber, & Kello- way, 1996; Dvir et al., 2002). Practices such as an open discussion with the managers about what specific behaviors TFL entails, group training with role playing to show the managers how to engage in these behaviors, goal setting that motivates managers to apply these behaviors when interacting with employees, and obtaining feedback from employees may help managers develop a TFL style.