Formaldehyde (FA) is a highly react

Formaldehyde (FA) is a highly reactive carbonyl species recognized for its applications as a tissue fixative and embalming agent due to its potent capacity to cross-link DNA and protein through formation of stable methylene bridges. Exposure to exogenous FA via inhalation or ingestion poses a significantthreattohumanhealth.FAoverload,forinstance,can damage the central nervous system leading to reduced performance in memory and cognitive abilities.1,2 However, the endogenous production of FA is a normal physiological process mediated by enzymatic systems such as semicarbazidesensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) that generate FA and opposing molecular mechanisms that remove it.3 In the brains of healthy individuals,theconcentrationofFAisinthe0.2−0.4mMrange4 andhasbeenproposedtoplayaroleinthestorage,preservation, andretrievaloflong-termmemorythroughDNAdemethylation cycles.5 However, FA is elevated in patients afflicted with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) due to an overexpression of SSAO.6 Indeed, abnormally high levels of FA, 0.5 mM, were found in the brain tissues of AD animal models.7 In this context, FA is neurotoxic and has been shown to degrade neuronal networks through induction of hyperphosphorylation and polymerization of the τ protein.8 Additionally, FA was reported to induce β-amyloid misfolding and aggregation via intramolecular and intermolecular crosslinking between lysine residues (Lys16 and Lys28).9 An assortment of methods including colormetric assays,10 HPLC,11,12 andGC13 analysesfollowingchemicalderivatization,

結果 (中文) 1:

甲醛 (FA) 是公认为其应用程序组织 fixative 和尸体防腐剂由于其强大的能力，交联 DNA 和蛋白质通过稳定亚甲基桥形成的高活性羰基物种。暴露于外源 FA 通过吸入或摄入会产生 significantthreattohumanhealth。FAoverload，比如说，能损害中枢神经系统导致性能降低的记忆和认知 abilities.1,2 然而，FA 的内源性生产是正常的生理过程，介导的酶系统，如生成 FA 和反对删除 it.3 健康个体，theconcentrationofFAisinthe0.2−0.4mMrange4 andhasbeenproposedtoplayaroleinthestorage，保存，大脑中的分子机制的 semicarbazidesensitive 胺氧化酶 (有 SSAO) andretrievaloflong termmemorythroughDNAdemethylation cycles.5 然而FA 患者 afflicted 与神经退行性疾病，如阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 由于 SSAO.6 的确表达水平升高，异常高水平的 FA，0.5 毫米，被发现在脑组织中 AD 动物 models.7 在这方面，FA 是具有神经毒性，并已被证明另外降解通过使和 τ protein.8 聚合诱导的神经元网络FA 据报道诱使 β-淀粉样蛋白错误折叠和通过赖氨酸残基 (Lys16 和 Lys28) 之间的分子内和分子间交联聚合.9 各式各样的方法，包括比色检测，10 高效液相色谱法，11，12 andGC13 analysesfollowingchemicalderivatization，

結果 (中文) 3:

甲醛（FA）是一种高活性羰基类物质公认作为组织fixative和防腐剂由于其交联DNA和蛋白质通过亚甲基桥形成稳定的能力中的应用。暴露于外源FA通过吸入或摄入造成明显ficantthreattohumanhealth faoverload，例如，可引起中枢神经系统损害导致记忆和认知能力下降的表现。1，然而，FA的内源性生产是一个正常的生理过程的酶系统如semicarbazidesensitive胺氧化酶介导的（SSAO）产生的FA和对立的分子机制，将其拆下。3在健康人的大脑，theconcentrationoffaisinthe0。2−0.4mmrange4 andhasbeenproposedtoplayaroleinthestorage，保存，andretrievaloflong termmemorythroughdnademethylation周期。5然而，FA患者的ffl制约与神经退行性疾病如阿尔茨海默病（AD）升高由于SSAO表达。6的确，FA，0.5毫米的异常高的水平，在AD动物模型脑组织出现。7在这样的背景下，FA是神经毒性和已被证明能降低神经网络通过对τ蛋白过度磷酸化和聚合诱导。8此外，足总报道诱导β通过分子内和分子间的交联淀粉样蛋白的错误折叠和聚集的赖氨酸残基（Lys16 Lys28）。9各种各样的方法，包括比色法，10法，11，12 andgc13 analysesfollowingchemicalderivatization，