In a second study (Davidovitz et al., 2007), we approached Israeli military recruits and their 72 direct officers at the beginning of a 4-month period of intensive combat training and asked them to report their attachment styles. At the same time, soldiers completed a self-report scale measuring their baseline mental health. Two months later, soldiers reported their mental health again and provided appraisals of their officers as providers of security (i.e., the officers' ability and willingness to be available in times of need, and to accept and care for their soldiers rather than rejecting and criticizing them). Two months after that (i.e., 4 months after combat training began), soldiers once again evaluated their mental health. The findings indicated that appraisals of officers as security providers (by their soldiers) predicted desirable changes in soldiers' mental health during combat training. At the beginning of training, baseline mental health was exclusively associated with soldiers' own level of attachment security. However, appraisals of officers' provisions of security during combat training produced significant changes in soldiers' mental health across the training (taking the baseline assessment into account). The higher the officers were appraised by their soldiers as being more sensitive and responsive, the more the soldiers' mental health improved over 2 and 4 months of intensive combat training. These findings highlight the important effects of leaders' functioning as security providers on their followers' mental health and emotional well-being under stressful conditions.