criminologists Jerome Skolnick and David Bayley: "First, increasing the number of officers does not necessarily reduce crime rates or raise the proportion of crimes solved. Second, random motorized patrolling neither reduces crime nor improves chances of catching suspects. Third, two-person patrol cars are no more effective in reducing crime or catching criminals. Furthermore, injuries to police officers are not more likely to occur in one-person patrol cars. Fourth, saturation patrolling does reduce crime, but only temporarily, largely by displacing it to other areas. Fifth, patrol officers individually make few important arrests. Cops spend most of their time passively patrolling and providing emergency services