Only 9 of the 31 studies were rated as high-quality, and 8 of these used a waiting list control group, so the effects of care- as-usual and pill placebo among high-quality studies could not be estimated.Egger’s test was significant (intercept: 1.60; 95% CI: 0.38- 2.83; p50.006). Duval and Tweedie’s trim and fill procedure resulted in an adjusted effect size of g50.59 (95% CI: 0.44-0.75; I2562; number of imputed studies: 11). For high-quality stud- ies, no indication for publication bias was found (but this may again be related to the small number of those studies).