The first problem, publication bias, mostly affected the out- comes of CBT for GAD and MDD. For GAD, it was estimated that about one quarter of the studies were missing and, after adjusting for these missing studies, the effect size dropped from g50.80 to g50.59. For MDD, 14% of the studies were missing, and the pooled effect size dropped from g50.75 to g50.65. However, this was a relatively small drop compared to that reported in other studies on publication bias in psycho- therapies for MDD15,18,184. This may be due to the fact that we used more stringent inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis (only patients meeting diagnostic criteria for MDD; only wait- ing list, treatment-as-usual or pill placebo control groups; only CBT). In PAD and SAD, we found few indications of publica- tion bias.