(a) Suggest with justifications whether flexible or rigid pavements should be adopted forthe construction of the following carriageways:-(i) The toll booth of Hung Hom Cross Harbour Tunnel; and (2 marks)(ii) The public transport interchange at Kwai Fong MTR station. (2 marks) (b) Identify THREE (3) roles of surfacing layer in a flexible pavement.Flexible PavementA flexible pavement is constructed with asphaltic cement and aggregates in several layers. Thelower layer known as subgrade is the original soil at site, of which the uppermost 150 mm to 200mm is usually scarified and blended to provide a uniform material before it is compacted tomaximum density. The next layer is the subbase, which usually consists of crushed aggregate. This material has better engineering properties than the subgrade material in terms of its bearing capacity. Crushed aggregates of a higher strength than those used in the subbase is used in thenext base layer, which might be stabilized using portland cement, lime fly ash or asphalticcement. The top layer of a flexible pavement is referred to as the wearing surface. It is usuallymade of asphaltic concrete, which is a mixture of asphalt cement and aggregates. The purpose ofthe wearing layer is to protect the base layer from wheel abrasion and to waterproof the entirepavement structure. It also provides a skid-resistant surface that is important for safe vehiclestops.Rigid PavementA rigid pavement is constructed with portland cement concrete (PCC) and aggregates. As withflexible pavements, the subgrade is often scarified, blended, and compacted to maximum density.In rigid pavements, the base layer, or capping layer, is optional, depending on the engineeringproperties of the subgrade. If the subgrade soil is poor and erodible, it is advisable to providecapping layer. The top layer is the Portland cement concrete slab which slab length varies from aspacing of 3 to 4 metres to a spacing of 12 m or more. Transverse contraction joints are built intothe pavement to control cracking due to shrinkage of the concrete during the curing process.Load transfer devices, such as dowel bars, are placed in the joints to minimize deflections andreduce stresses near the edges of the slabs.