The concentration at the average orientation over which the participants placed the Campanelle and Pipette differed from that expected by chance (i.e., the 95% confidence intervals did not include zero) thus suggesting that these orientations were pre-ferred over other orientations. However, this was not the case for the Gemelli pasta and the Izadi wine, which, coupled with the sig-nificant non-uniformity reported earlier, indicates that there were several ‘preferred’ orientations for these design elements.