The burgeoning literature on cross-culturalconsumer psychologyhas delivered significant insights into how cultural differences influenceconsumer phenomena. A sampling of these insights is providedin Table 2. Seminal early research emphasized broad differences betweenindividualists and collectivists (Aaker & Maheswaran, 1997;Han & Shavitt, 1994). However, the last decade or so of research hasbeen marked by a number of shifts.One recent and necessary development is the exploration ofa more diverse set of culture classifications, expanding beyondthe fundamental classifications of individualism and collectivism(Maheswaran & Shavitt, 2000). An important new direction is thefocus on how hierarchy and power values pattern consumption. Thisresearch arena includes the horizontal–vertical refinement of individualism–collectivism (Shavitt, Lalwani et al., 2006; Singelis et al.,1995). Torelli and Shavitt (2010), for instance, showed that powerhas different meanings across horizontal–vertical forms of individualism–collectivism. Understanding these distinctions can help topredict cultural differences in brand evaluations and in the valuesreflected in advertisements. Relatedly, research has shown howindividual differences in power distance belief—or the tendencyto accept and expect inequality in society—can predict a range ofoutcomes including impulse consumption (Zhang et al., 2010) andcharitable donations (Winterich & Zhang, 2014). The developmentof the tightness–looseness distinction promises further insights intoculture and consumer behavior (Li et al., 2017).