Due to the larger number of devices, grant funding is still desirable yet is no longer enough to covercapital requirements, and private investment is needed to fill this gap. Due to the innovative natureof pilot farms, some technological and business uncertainties remain in manufacturing, installationand operation, resulting in higher costs of finance. Public financial instruments offering zero- orlow-cost finance are therefore needed to reduce the cost of capital and attract private investors(ETIP Ocean, 2019).