In this meta-analytic synthesis, we focused on the impact of interventions on parental stress and emotional distress. The most common dependent variables in these studies were depressive symptoms. Whenever it was necessary to choose one effect size from others in any given study, we calculated effect sizes based on measures of depressive symptoms. Eleven of the studies reported outcomes on commonly used measures of depressive symptoms, including the BDI [Beck et al., 1988]; the CES-D [Radloff, 1977]; and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale [Lovibond and Lovibond, 1995]. In one study we analyzed a subscale for depression from the Depression/Dejection Scale of the Profile of Mood States [McNair et al., 1971]. Three studies employed broader measures of stress and emotional distress. Pelchat et al. [1999] used the Emotional Distress Index from the Quebec Health and Social Survey [Pre- ville et al., 1992], which is a French version of the Psychiatric Symptom Index [Ilfeld, 1976], a general measure of psychological distress with scales for depression, cognitive disturbance, anxiety, and anger. Schultz et al. [1993] and Tonge et al. [2002] used the General Health Questionnaire [Goldberg and Hillier, 1979], which measures four factors: insomnia, somatic symptoms, anxiety, and severe depression. Three studies used either total or subscale scores from the Parent Stress Inventory [Abidin, 1995], a widely used measure of perceived stress in the family. The underlying construct which provides the rationale for combining these various measures is parental psychological responses to stress. It is common in meta-analyses to combine effects based on a variety of logically related dependent measures, provided they measure the same general construct and that the data is characte
在這項薈萃分析綜合中,我們將重點放在介入措施對父母壓力和情緒困擾的影響。這些研究中最常見的依變項是憂鬱症狀。每當在任何給定研究中需要從其他效應量中選擇一種效應量時,我們都會根據憂鬱症狀的測量來計算效應量。其中 11 項研究報告了常用的憂鬱症狀測量結果,包括 BDI [Beck et al., 1988];CES-D [Radloff,1977];以及憂鬱、焦慮和壓力量表 [Lovibond 和 Lovibond,1995]。在一項研究中,我們分析了情緒狀態憂鬱/沮喪量表中的憂鬱子量表 [McNair et al., 1971]。三項研究採用了更廣泛的壓力和情緒困擾測量方法。佩爾查特等人。[1999] 使用了魁北克健康與社會調查中的情緒困擾指數 [Preville et al., 1992],它是精神症狀指數 [Ilfeld, 1976] 的法語版本,是一種用量表衡量心理困擾的通用指標用於憂鬱、認知障礙、焦慮和憤怒。舒爾茨等。[1993] 和 Tonge 等人。[2002]使用了一般健康問卷[Goldberg and Hillier, 1979],該問卷測量四個因素:失眠、身體症狀、焦慮和嚴重憂鬱。三項研究使用了父母壓力量表 [Abidin, 1995] 的總分或子量表分數,這是一種廣泛使用的家庭感知壓力測量方法。為結合這些不同措施提供依據的基本結構是父母對壓力的心理反應。在薈萃分析中,基於各種邏輯相關的依賴測量來組合效果是很常見的,前提是它們測量相同的一般結構並且數據具有特徵
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