There are other fundamental objections to the faith that many have reposed in ICTs as transformation tools. It is argued that ICTs can further exacerbate inequalities, because ICT adoption is a function of preexisting variables such as income, education, or even gender in some societies. Within this critique, we should also note observations on the distinction between formal and effective access to ICTs (Wilson 2006). The extent to which there is a disconnect between the capabilities of people and the requirements for the operational use of ICTs suggests the degree to which there will be further unequal use and access to these technologies.