1.carious and nonrestorable teeth 2.failed endodontic treatment 3.poor periodontal prognosis4.impacted teeth and periapical pathology5.neurotic teeth 6.supernumerary teeth 7.orthodontic considerations8.deciduous teeth interfering with eruption of permanent teeth9.root fracture10.dental pain and unwillingness to undergo necessary treatment11.interference with prosthodontic needs12.crowding/nonfunctional teeth