Abstract: High-speed machining (HSM) is used in industry to improve the productivity and qualityof the cutting operations. In this investigation, pure alumina ceramics with the addition of ZrO2,and mixed alumina (Al2O3 + TiC) tools were used in the dry hard turning of AISI 4340 (52 HRC)at different high cutting speeds of 150, 250, 700 and 1000 m/min. It was observed that at cuttingspeeds of 150 and 250 m/min, pure alumina ceramic tools had better wear resistance than mixedalumina ones. However, upon increasing the cutting speed from 700 to 1000 m/min, mixed aluminaceramic tools outperformed pure ceramic ones. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-rayphotoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to investigate the worn cutting edges and analyze theobtained results. It was found that the tribo-films formed at the cutting zone during machiningaffected the wear resistances of the tools and influenced the coefficient of friction at the tool-chipinterface. These observations were confirmed by the chip compression ratio results at different cuttingconditions. Raising cutting speed to 1000 m/min corresponded to a remarkable decrease in cuttingforce components in the dry hard turning of AISI 4340 steel.