12. Euphoria as landmark Paris clim

12. Euphoria as landmark Paris climate deal goes through
LE BOURGET, France --Cheering envoys from 195 nations on Saturday approved a historic accord in Paris to stop global warming, offering hope that humanity can avert catastrophic climate change and usher in an energy revolution.
French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius ended nearly a fortnight of grueling U.N. negotiations on the outskirts of Paris with the bang of a gavel, marking consensus among the ministers, who stood for several minutes to clap and shout their joy, with some shedding tears of relief.
"I see the room, I see the reaction is positive, I hear no objection. The Paris climate accord is adopted," declared Fabius, the president of the talks.
The post-2020 Paris Agreement ends decades-long rows between rich and poor nations over how to carry out what will be a multi-trillion-dollar campaign to cap global warming and cope with the impact of a shifting climate.
With 2015 forecast to be the hottest year on record, world leaders and scientists had said the accord was vital for capping rising temperatures and averting the most calamitous effects of climate change.
Without urgent action, they warned, mankind faced increasingly severe droughts, floods and storms, and rising seas that would engulf islands and coastal areas populated by hundreds of millions of people.
'Met the moment'
"The Paris agreement establishes the enduring framework the world needs to solve the climate crisis," U.S. President Barack Obama said.
"We came together around the strong agreement the world needed. We met the moment."
German Chancellor Angela Merkel added: "Paris will always be connected with this historic turning point in climate policy."
The crux of the fight entails slashing or eliminating the use of coal, oil and gas for energy, which has largely powered prosperity since the Industrial Revolution.
The burning of those fossil fuels releases invisible greenhouse gases, which cause the planet to warm and disrupt Earth's delicate climate system.
Ending the vicious circle requires a switch to cleaner sources, such as solar and wind, and improving energy efficiency. Some nations are also aggressively pursuing nuclear power, which does not emit greenhouse gases.
The Paris accord sets a target of limiting warming of the planet to "well below" 2.0 degrees Celsius (3.6 Fahrenheit) compared with the Industrial Revolution, while aiming for an even more ambitious goal of 1.5C.
To do so, emissions of greenhouse gases will need to peak "as soon as possible," followed by rapid reductions, the agreement states.
The world has already warmed by almost 1C, which has caused major problems in dry developing countries, according to scientists.

'Consternation in boardrooms'
Some environmentalists said the Paris agreement was a turning point, predicting the 1.5C goal would help to doom the fossil-fuel industry.
"That single number, and the new goal of net zero emissions by the second half of this century, will cause consternation in the boardrooms of coal companies and the palaces of oil-exporting states," Greenpeace International chief Kumi Naidoo said.
Developing nations had insisted rich countries must shoulder the lion's share of responsibility for tackling climate change as they emitted most of the greenhouse gases since the Industrial Revolution.
The United States and other rich nations countered that emerging giants must also do more, arguing developing countries now account for most of current emissions and thus will be largely responsible for future warming.
On the crucial financing issue, developed countries agreed to muster at least US$100 billion (92 billion euros) a year from 2020 to help developing nations.
However, following U.S. objections, it was not included in the legally binding section of the deal.
Ahead of the talks, most nations submitted voluntary plans to curb greenhouse-gas emissions from 2020, a process billed as an important platform for success.
But scientists say that, even if the pledges were fully honored, Earth will still be on track for warming far above safe limits.
'Marvelous act'
In an effort to get countries to scale up their commitments, the agreement will have five-yearly reviews of their pledges starting from 2023.
Nations most vulnerable to climate change lobbied hard for the wording to limit warming to 1.5C.
Big polluters, such as China, India and oil-producing giant Saudi Arabia, preferred a ceiling of 2C, which would have enabled them to burn fossil fuels for longer.
China's chief negotiator Xie Zhenhua said the pact was not perfect.
"However, this does not prevent us from marching historical steps forward," he said.
"This indeed is a marvelous act that belongs to our generation and all of us."
Tuvalu, a Pacific island nation of about 10,000 people at risk of being submerged by rising oceans, celebrated.
"We have saved Tuvalu, and in doing so we have saved the world," Tuvalu negotiator Ian Fry said.
Hillary Clinton, the Democratic Party's front runner for the U.S. presidential race, noted, however, that "the next decade of action is cr
ucial." "If we do not press forward with driving clean energy growth and cutting carbon pollution across the economy, we will not be able to avoid catastrophic consequences."

結果 (繁體中文) 1:

12.作為地標巴黎氣候交易順利通過興奮歇、 法國 — — 上週六歡呼來自 195 個國家的使節批准在巴黎以阻止全球變暖的歷史性協定提供希望人類可以避免災難性的氣候變化，並迎來一場能源革命。法國外交部長 Laurent Fabius 結束近兩個星期的艱苦聯合國談判在巴黎市郊砰的一槌定音，標記的部長，站了幾分鐘以鼓掌和呼喊他們的喜悅，與救濟一些掉眼淚的共識。"我看看房間，反應是積極的沒有人反對。"通過巴黎氣候協定，宣佈法比尤斯，主席的會談。2020 年後巴黎協定結束數十年之久行之間貧富國家在如何進行什麼會多兆美元運動來限制全球變暖、 應付瞬息萬變的氣候的影響。與記錄上最熱的年份，預計到 2015 年，世界各國領導人和科學家說這一協定是重要的封蓋氣溫的不斷上升和避免氣候變化的最災難性影響。如果不緊急採取行動，他們警告說，人類面臨日益嚴重的乾旱、 洪水和風暴和海平面上升會吞噬島嶼和沿海地區居住著成百上千萬的人。見過面時刻"巴黎協定 》 規定了世界需要解決氣候危機的持久框架，"美國總統奧巴馬說。"我們來到一起周圍強有力的協定所需的世界。我們滿足的時刻"。德國總理安格拉 · 默克爾補充說:"巴黎總是會與氣候政策這歷史性的轉捩點"。戰鬥的關鍵需要削減或消除使用煤、 石油和天然氣為能源，很大程度上有動力自工業革命以來的繁榮。這些化石燃料的燃燒釋放無形的溫室氣體，導致地球溫暖和擾亂地球脆弱的氣候系統。結束這一惡性循環，就需要改用清潔能源，如太陽能和風力和提高能源效率。一些國家也在積極追求核電，不會排放溫室氣體。巴黎協定 》 設置目標的限制"遠低於"到這個星球的變暖 2.0 攝氏度 (3.6 華氏度) 相比工業革命，同時針對 1.5 C.更加雄心勃勃的目標要做到這一點，溫室氣體排放量將需要"一樣，"儘快達到峰值之後迅速減少，協定 》 規定。世界已經上升了近 1 度，在乾燥的發展中國家造成的主要問題，根據科學家。' 在董事會中的驚愕 '一些環保主義者說，巴黎協定 》 是一個轉捩點，預測 1.5 C 目標有助於註定的化石燃料行業。"這個單一的數位和新目標本世紀第二個一半淨零排放，會造成驚愕的煤炭公司董事會和宮殿的石油出口國，"綠色和平組織國際首席 Kumi Naidoo 說。發展中國家堅持富裕國家必須承擔責任應對氣候變化，他們自工業革命以來排放的溫室氣體最大的份額。美國和其他富裕國家反駁說，新興大國也必須做更多，爭論發展中國家現在占大部分目前的排放量從而將很大程度上負責未來變暖。對關鍵的融資問題，發達國家同意爭取至少美國 $ 1000 億 (920 億歐元) 一年從 2020 年來説明發展中國家。但是之後美國的反對，, 它不包括在具有法律約束力協定的部分。未來的會談中，大多數國家提交自願計畫遏制溫室氣體排放量到 2020 年，被稱為成功的重要平臺。但是科學家說，即使承諾充分榮幸，地球仍將軌道上變暖遠遠超過安全限度。奇妙行為為了得到各國擴大他們的承諾，協定 》 將有從 2023年開始他們承諾五年一次審查。最易受到氣候變化的國家努力遊說的措辭以限制變暖到 1.5 c。大的污染者，如中國、 印度和石油生產巨頭沙烏地阿拉伯，首選 2 C，會使他們能夠再燃燒化石燃料為上限。中國的首席談判代表解振華說公約 》 不是完美的。"然而，這並不妨礙我們從歷史行進步上前，"他說。"這確實是一個了不起的行為，屬於我們這一代和我們所有人。約 1 萬人被上漲的海水，而被淹沒的風險在太平洋島國吐瓦魯慶祝。"我們有保存吐瓦魯，這樣我們已經拯救了世界，"吐瓦魯談判代表伊恩 · 弗萊說。然而，希拉蕊 · 克林頓，美國總統競選，民主黨的領跑指出，"未來十年的行動是 crucial"。"如果我們不推進整個經濟駕駛清潔能源增長與減少碳污染，我們將不能夠避免災難性的後果。"

結果 (繁體中文) 3:

12。龍眼為地標巴黎氣候交易通過
Le Bourget，法國特使——歡呼來自195個國家的上星期六準予了一項歷史性的協定，在巴黎停止全球變暖，提供希望人類可以避免災難性的氣候變化，迎來一場能源革命。
法國外交部長洛朗·法比尤斯結束近一個星期的艱苦的聯合國用木槌砰的巴黎郊區的談判，標誌著在大臣的共識，誰站在鼓掌呐喊歡樂幾分鐘，一些流淚的救濟。
“我看看房間，我看到的反應是積極的，我沒有聽到抗告。採用巴黎氣候協定，”聲明法比尤斯會談的總統。
2020年後的巴黎協定結束長達數十年的行富國和窮國之間如何進行什麼將是一個數萬億美元的活動限制全球變暖和應對氣候變化的影響。
2015預測是記錄上最熱的一年，世界各國領導人和科學家們說，協定是至關重要的上限溫度的上升和避免氣候變化的最災難性的影響。
不採取緊急行動，他們警告說，人類面臨著日益嚴重的乾旱、洪水和風暴，和海平面上升，會吞沒的島嶼和沿海地區的數百萬人。
'met時刻“
“巴黎協定建立了世界需要解决氣候危機的持久框架，”美國總統奧巴馬。巴拉克說：“我們是在世界上最强烈的協定中來的。”。德國總理默克爾•安吉拉說：“巴黎將永遠與這一歷史性的轉捩點在氣候政策上。”這場鬥爭的關鍵在於削减或消除能源，石油和瓦斯的使用，從工業革命以來一直繁榮繁榮，這些化石燃料的燃燒釋放出不可見的溫室氣體，導致地球溫暖和破壞地球的氣候系統，提高能源效率。一些國家也正在積極尋求核能發電，它不排放溫室氣體。
巴黎協定設定一個限制地球變暖低於2攝氏度（3.6華氏度）的目標與工業革命相比，而針對1.5C更遠大的目標。
這樣做，