According to Hauge et al., (2011), bullying behaviors, such as withholding information or isolating someone from the work situation, will complicate the victim’s work, and he or she will, among other things, probably experience role ambiguity as a result. In line with this reasoning and in addition to a hypothesized causal relationship between role stressors and bullying, Balducci and colleagues (2012) also found evidence for a reverse association between the variables, as did Hauge et al. (2011). In both these studies, workplace bullying at T1 predicted subsequent reports of role ambiguity.