A combination of provisional coding and open coding was applied to the field notes and to the interview and think-aloud transcripts. I used a list of provisional codes derived from a literature review of ELs’ reading engagement. I also used initial coding to make new codes for ideas that I observed in the field or that were raised in interviews but not included in the list of provisional codes. Examples of initial codes included compliance and book characteristics for motivation, visualizing and evaluating for strategic knowledge, and isolation and book recommendations for social interactions. Since there were no provisional codes for constructing meaningfrom texts, all codes related to this component were done through initial coding. Examples of initial codes for this category include difficulties in understanding, mythology, and learning about disabilities.