There are a series of studies that reported no difference between bilinguals and monolinguals in IQ. For example, early research in the United States by Pintner and Arsenian (1937) found a zero correlation (no relationship) between verbal (and non verbal) IQ and Yiddish-English bilingualism/monolingualism. While the number of studies with a 'no difference' conclusion is small in number, the period of neutral effects is important because it highlighted the inadequacies of the early detrimental effect research. An example is the research by W.R. Jones (1959) in Wales. Using 2,500 children aged 10 and 11, Jones initially found that bilinguals were inferior to monolinguals on IQ. A re-analysis showed that this conclusion was invalid. After taking into account the varying socioeconomic class of bilinguals and monolinguals, Jones concluded that monolinguals and bilinguals did not differ significantly in non-verbal IQ so long as parental occupation was taken into account. He also concluded that socioeconomic class largely accounted for previous research that had reported the inferiority of bilinguals on non-verbal IQ. Therefore, his conclusion was that bilingual ism is not necessarily a source of intellectual disadvantage.
There are a series of studies that reported no difference between bilinguals and monolinguals in IQ. For example, early research in the United States by Pintner and Arsenian (1937) found a zero correlation (no relationship) between verbal (and non verbal) IQ and Yiddish-English bilingualism/monolingualism. While the number of studies with a 'no difference' conclusion is small in number, the period of neutral effects is important because it highlighted the inadequacies of the early detrimental effect research. An example is the research by W.R. Jones (1959) in Wales. Using 2,500 children aged 10 and 11, Jones initially found that bilinguals were inferior to monolinguals on IQ. A re-analysis showed that this conclusion was invalid. After taking into account the varying socioeconomic class of bilinguals and monolinguals, Jones concluded that monolinguals and bilinguals did not differ significantly in non-verbal IQ so long as parental occupation was taken into account. He also concluded that socioeconomic class largely accounted for previous research that had reported the inferiority of bilinguals on non-verbal IQ. Therefore, his conclusion was that bilingual ism is not necessarily a source of intellectual disadvantage.
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